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Valdivian Coastal Forest:
This type of temperate rainforest is characterized by tall trees and dense vegetation, with emblematic species such as coigüe, tepa, tineo, and olivillo. Its complex structure and biodiversity make it a vital refuge for numerous species.
North Patagonian Forest:
Found in higher, colder areas of the park, this forest is marked by vegetation adapted to extreme conditions, with species like lenga and ñirre. It also includes tepuales, dense swamps dominated by the tepú tree, creating a unique habitat.
Riparian Forest:
Located along the edges of rivers and lakes, these forests act as an interface between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Species such as arrayán and luma are common here, providing shade and stability to the shorelines.
Peatlands form through the accumulation of organic matter in water-saturated environments and serve as important water reservoirs and carbon sinks, dominated by Sphagnum mosses. This ecosystem is associated with standing dead cypress trees, the result of past fires related to logging activities.
The park contains a variety of wetlands, including marshes, swamps, and bogs, which are crucial for biodiversity. These habitats support migratory birds, amphibians, and other aquatic species.
The park’s coastline features sandy and rocky beaches, cliffs, and rocky shores, providing habitats for marine species, coastal birds, and flora adapted to saline conditions and strong winds. Notable beaches include Playa Quilán, Playa Tricolor, and Playa Checo.
The park is home to numerous rivers, lagoons, and Lake Tepuhueico, all of which are critical for local wildlife, including fish, amphibians, and mammals like the huillín (southern river otter). These bodies of water are part of an interconnected hydrological system that connects to Lake Huillinco.
The coastal dunes of the park are fragile ecosystems that support flora and fauna adapted to extreme wind and scarce freshwater conditions.
Grasslands, influenced by grazing, can evolve into shrublands where species such as calafate, chaura, muta, and michay dominate the landscape.
The Pacific Ocean is a vital ecosystem for the park, with coastal waters rich in marine biodiversity, including marine mammals, fish, and pelagic birds. These waters significantly influence the adjacent coastal and terrestrial ecosystems.
